Root > Preliminary courses > Botany > Architectural Unit > About Architectural Models

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-> About this Resource
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-> Preliminary Courses
Contents & Objectives *__________________
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-> Botany
Contents & Objectives *__________________
Map *____
-> Axis Typology Patterns
Typology basis *___________
Pictograms *_________
Sexuality & development *___________________
Growth *______
Branching rhythms *______________
Branching delays *_____________
Branching positional *________________
Branching arrangement *__________________
Axis orientation *_____________
Architectural models *________________
-> Architectural Unit
About Arc. Models *______________
Models limitations *______________
Architectural Units *______________
Reiteration *_________
Sequence of development *___________________
Morphogenetic gradients *___________________
Physiological age *_____________
-> An Example
Wild Cherry (young) *_______________
Wild Cherry (adult) *______________
Wild Cherry (mature) *________________
Quiz *____
Case study Quiz *_____________
Supplementary resources *____________________

-> Eco-Physiology
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Map *____
-> Growth Factors
Factors affecting Growth *___________________
Endogenous Processes *_________________
Environmental Factors *_________________
Thermal Time *___________
-> Light interaction
P.A.R. *_____
Light absorption *_____________
Photosynthesis *___________
Respiration *_________
Maintenance respiration *__________________
L.U.E. Model *__________
Density effect *___________
Density effect on crop *__________________
-> Biomass
Biomass Pool *__________
Biomass Partitioning *_______________
Crop models *__________
A Crop model example *__________________
Quiz *____
Supplementary resources *___________________

-> Applied Mathematics
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-> Probabilities
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Discrete Random Variable *___________________
Expected value, Variance *___________________
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-> Useful Laws
Bernoulli Trials *___________
Binomial Law *__________
Geometric Law *____________
Negative Binomial Law *_________________
-> Dynamic systems
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Useful functions *____________
Beta density *__________
Exercises *________
Negative Exponential *________________
Systems functions *______________
Discrete dynamic systems *___________________
Parameter Identification *__________________
Parameter estimation *________________
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-> GreenLab courses
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-> Overview
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Growth and components *___________________
Plant architecture *_______________
Biomass production *________________
Modelling - FSPM *______________
GreenLab principles *________________
Applications *__________
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-> Principles
Presentation & Objectives *____________________
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-> About modelling
Scientific disciplines *________________
Organs: tree components *___________________
Factors affecting growth *___________________
Model-simulation workflow *____________________
GreenLab inherits from *__________________
GreenLab positioning *_________________
The growth cycle *______________
Inside the growth cycle *___________________
Implementations *______________
Supplementary resources *____________________
-> Development
Presentation & Objectives *____________________
Map *____
Modelling Scheme *______________
Tree traversal modes *________________
-> Stochastic modelling
Principles *_______
-> Development
Growth Rhythm *____________
Damped growth *____________
Viability *______
Rhythmic axis *___________
Branching *________
Stochastic automaton *_________________
-> Organogenesis equations
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Organ cohorts *___________
Organ numbering *_____________
Substructure factorization *____________________
Stochastic case *____________
-> Structure construction
Construction modes *_______________
Construction basis *______________
Axis of development *________________
Stochastic reconstruction *___________________
Implicit construction *________________
Explicit construction *________________
3D construction *____________
Supplementary resources *____________________
-> Production-Expansion
Presentation & Objectives *____________________
Map *____
-> EcoPhysiology reminders
Relevant concepts *______________
Temperature *__________
Light interception *______________
Photosynthesis *___________
Biomass common pool *_________________
Density *______
-> Principals
Growth cycle *__________
Refining PbMs *___________
Organ cohorts *___________
GreenLab vs PbM & FSPM *___________________
-> GreenLab's equations
Summary *_______
Production equation *_______________
Plant demand *__________
Organ dimensions *______________
A dynamic system view *__________________
Equation terms *____________
Full Model *________
Model behaviour *______________
Supplementary resources *____________________
-> Applications
Presentation & Objectives *____________________
Map *____
-> Measurements
Agronomic traits *_____________
Mesurable/hidden param. *___________________
Fitting procedure *______________
-> Fitting structure
Principles *_______
-> Development
Simple development *_______________
Damped growth *____________
Rhythmic growth *_____________
Rhythmic growth samples *___________________
Mortality *_______
Branching *________
-> Crown analysis
Analysis principles *______________
Equations *________
Example / Exercise *_______________
-> Case study
Plant Architecture *______________
Development simulation *__________________
Introducing Biomass *_______________
Biomass partitioning *_______________
Equilibrium state *_____________
Supplementary resources *____________________

-> Tools (software)
Presentation & Objectives *_____________________
Map *____
Fitting, Stats *___________
Simulation *_________
Online tools *__________

Preliminary Course

Botany. Architectural Analysis

Architectural unit


The architectural model concept is too large and synthetic to be pragmatically useful in the field to approach species specificity.

Architectural Model limitations
    Focusing architectural analyses on particular traits on each type of axis elaborated during plant development usually leads to the stem (trunk) being distinguished from other axes, such that each set of axes exhibits specific features (on young trees).


      Various expression of Rauh's model
      Expressions of Rauh's model (Drawing and Photos D. Barthélémy, CIRAD)
           Top left to right: Fraxinus sp, Cecropia sciadophylla
           Bottom left to right: Euphorbia sp, Pinus sp.



      Why is the Architectural Model ambiguous?

        Architectural Model definition simplifies the axis typology. Considering the 23 models, the underlying combination is quite reduced and can be defined as follow:
        • Trunk (main stem) growth: rhythmic or continuous, determinate or not
        • Main stem branching: none, diffuse, continuous or rhythmic
        • Branches growth: determinate or not, orthotropic or plagiotropic
        • Flowering position: terminal or lateral
        As an example, the fine growth patterns in the rhythmic case (polycyclisme for instance), as well as the branching pattern distribution (acrotony), or arrangement (epitony), or phylotaxis are not considered.

        Moreover, the sets of branches are considered without distinction. The Architectural Model is thus not exhaustive as regards the various axis categories.

      Instantiating the Architecture Model on a given species thus means:
      1. Defining the set of morphological patterns for each category of identifiable axes, with the same precision
      2. Completing the information by qualitative and quantitative morphological data (number of phytomers per growth unit, phyllotaxis value, etc.).