COURSES

-> About this Resource
Scope *______
Map *____

-> Preliminary Courses
Contents & Objectives *__________________
Map *____
-> Botany
Contents & Objectives *__________________
Map *____
-> Axis Typology Patterns
Typology basis *___________
Pictograms *_________
Sexuality & development *___________________
Growth *______
Branching rhythms *______________
Branching delays *_____________
Branching positional *________________
Branching arrangement *__________________
Axis orientation *_____________
Architectural models *________________
-> Architectural Unit
About Arc. Models *______________
Models limitations *______________
Architectural Units *______________
Reiteration *_________
Sequence of development *___________________
Morphogenetic gradients *___________________
Physiological age *_____________
-> An Example
Wild Cherry (young) *_______________
Wild Cherry (adult) *______________
Wild Cherry (mature) *________________
Quiz *____
Case study Quiz *_____________
Supplementary resources *____________________

-> Eco-Physiology
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Map *____
-> Growth Factors
Factors affecting Growth *___________________
Endogenous Processes *_________________
Environmental Factors *_________________
Thermal Time *___________
-> Light interaction
P.A.R. *_____
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Photosynthesis *___________
Respiration *_________
Maintenance respiration *__________________
L.U.E. Model *__________
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Density effect on crop *__________________
-> Biomass
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A Crop model example *__________________
Quiz *____
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-> Applied Mathematics
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-> Probabilities
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Negative Binomial Law *_________________
-> Dynamic systems
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Negative Exponential *________________
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-> GreenLab courses
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-> Overview
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Plant architecture *_______________
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-> Principles
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-> About modelling
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-> Development
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Map *____
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-> Stochastic modelling
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Branching *________
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-> Organogenesis equations
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-> Structure construction
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Axis of development *________________
Stochastic reconstruction *___________________
Implicit construction *________________
Explicit construction *________________
3D construction *____________
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-> Production-Expansion
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Map *____
-> EcoPhysiology reminders
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Temperature *__________
Light interception *______________
Photosynthesis *___________
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-> Principals
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GreenLab vs PbM & FSPM *___________________
-> GreenLab's equations
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Plant demand *__________
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A dynamic system view *__________________
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-> Applications
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-> Measurements
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-> Fitting structure
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-> Development
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Damped growth *____________
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Rhythmic growth samples *___________________
Mortality *_______
Branching *________
-> Crown analysis
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-> Case study
Plant Architecture *______________
Development simulation *__________________
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Biomass partitioning *_______________
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-> Tools (software)
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GreenLab Course

Development

Physiological age and reiteration (reminder).


Plant structure shows a different axis typology depending on the branching level or other anatomical criteria related to terminal bud differentiation.

Physiological age and reiteration

Physiological age

    In architectural botany, the level of axis differentiation can be characterized by a physiological age.
    A given physiological age is associated wih specific morphological and phenological traits, such as axis orientation, sexuality occurrence or not, specific branching patterns, etc.

Reiteration
    As the plant develops, at mature stages the structure developing according to the architecture unit may duplicate.
    This specific branching case is called reiteration.

    Physiological age and reiteration
    Physiological age and reiteration (Drawing M. Jaeger, CIRAD)
      In the above example, four physiological ages are used to define the axis typology.
      - Physiological age 1, in blue, characterizes the vigorous axis (such as the trunk)
      - Age 2 in green stands for the branches
      - Physiological age 3 is coded in red for the branchlets
      - In yellow physiological age 4 stands for the twigs.
      This colour code (with the colour magenta for physiological age 5) is used as a standard in GreenLab modelling representations.

      Left, the axes show physiological age transition (from blue to green, from green to red).
      The structure also illustrates a reiteration (in blue).


Comments
    1. In the GreenLab modelling approach, the physiological age is not related to the axis but to the phytomer (and the growth unit).
    As the axis develops, the terminal bud may change its physiological age. On a given axis, physiological age transitions are thus possible, but always in the same way of ageing, from the lower physiological age to the higher one.

    2. To simplify, in the GreenLab approach, total reiteration is only allowed on physiological age 1. In other words, the physiological age of the branched axis is higher (classic branching) or equal (reiteration) to the phytomer bearer's physiological age.

    3. Branching order. Note that the branching order (the rank given by the number of branchings from the current phytomer position to the seed) is not the physiological age. Defining structural simulations based on the branching order (such was the case of first AMAP simulations in the 80s) does not allow easy implementation and modelling of morphological gradients and reiterations.

Bibliography

Barthélémy, D., Caraglio, Y. 2007. Plant Architecture: A Dynamic, Multilevel and Comprehensive Approach to Plant Form, Structure and Ontogeny. Annals of Botany, 99 (3) : pp. 375-407 19 (access to paper and pdf)


Definition

Physiological Age (of a meristem)
Botany. Relates to the degree of differentiation of the structures produced by the meristem. It can be defined by a combination of morphological, anatomical and functional attributes of resulting entities. Notion introduced by Barthélémy and Caraglio (2007).

Definition

Reiteration
Botany. Botanical concept used to describe local or global architectural structure duplication. First defined by Oldeman, 1979.