In the LIGNUM model, tree structure is described from three basic units (Tree segment, Branching point and Bud). An STL template library of C++ is used to define a blueprint of a tree that can be instantiated by actual representations of the species' specific components. Four generic algorithms traverse the data structure of the tree and make calculations. L-systems are employed for specifying the morphological development of the trees.
LIGNUM has been employed in several applications. For instance (Sievanen R., 2009) presents a calculation of optimal leaf traits in sugar maple saplings, a system for storing and analyzing information on decay in city trees, and simulation of the growth of a tree stand.

The L-PEACH model is based on the development of peach trees. It demonstrates the usefulness of L-systems in constructing functional-structural models. L-PEACH uses L-systems both to simulate the development of tree structure and to solve differential equations for carbohydrate flow and allocation. New L-system-based algorithms are devised for simulating the behaviour of dynamically changing structures made of hundreds of interacting, time-varying, nonlinear components. L-PEACH incorporates a carbon-allocation model driven by source-sink interactions between tree components. Storage and mobilization of carbohydrates during the annual life cycle of a tree are taken into account. Carbohydrate production in the leaves is simulated based on the availability of water and light. Apices, internodes, leaves and fruit grow according to the resulting local carbohydrate supply. L-PEACH outputs an animated three-dimensional visual representation of the growing tree and user-specified statistics that characterize selected stages of plant development. The model is applied to simulate a tree's response to fruit thinning and changes in water stress. L-PEACH may be used to assist in horticultural decision-making processes after being calibrated to specific trees. (From Allen M.T., 2005)

GreenLab is a generic and mechanistic FSPM. Various botanical architectures can be produced by its organogenesis model. The growth rate is computed from leaf area, and biomass partitioning is governed by the sink strength of growing individual organs present in the plant structure.
A distinguishing feature of the GreenLab model is that, plant organogenesis (in terms of the number of organs) and growth (in terms of organ biomass) are formulated using dynamic equations, alongside simulation software.
This facilitates the analytical study of model behaviour, bug-proofing of simulation software, and application of an efficient optimization algorithm for parameter identification and optimal control problems. ( From Kang M.G., 2009)